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</a><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>1859年历史上曾经发生过一次有记录以来最大的一次太阳风暴，也叫卡林顿事件。<br/><br/>1859年9月1日，早晨，卡林顿观测太阳黑子时，发现太阳北侧的一个大黑子群内突然出现了两道极其明亮的白光，在一大群黑子附近正在形成一对明亮的月牙形的东西。他从来没有看到过像这样的东西。他很兴奋，冲出观测室，想找个人来证明他的发现。可是，楼里空无一人，而当他急忙回到望远镜旁时，吃惊地发觉刚才所看到的东西已经消失。<br/><br/>就在卡林顿第一次观测到太阳耀斑爆发后的几分钟内，英国格林尼治天文台和基乌天文台都测量到了地磁场强度的剧烈变动。然后，在17个半小时以后，地磁仪的指针因超强的地磁强度而跳出了刻度范围。差不多同时，各地电报局电报机的操作员报告说他们的机器在闪火花，甚至电线也被熔化了。而且，在这天夜里，天空中五颜六色的北极光一直向南弥漫到古巴和夏威夷。<br/><br/>卡林顿事件发生时住在低纬度的人们观测到了北极光，在离地磁赤道23度处都能看到红色的辉光。而且，这个记录一直保持到现在。极光能够伸展到的最低纬度与一次磁暴的强度直接有关。美国喷气推进实验室的科学家楚罗塔尼搞了个理论计算模型，计算出1859年卡林顿事件的磁暴不仅仅是有历史记录以来最强的磁暴，而且达到了1989年3月的那次事件中磁暴强度的3倍。<br/><br/>卡林顿事件虽然在强度上远远超过了1989年和2003年的两次强太阳风暴，但是造成的危害并没有后两次严重。这是因为在那个时候还没有人造卫星、无线电通信和现代的电力传输网络。如果卡林顿事件发生在今天，那么它将会造成更严重的灾难。它有可能摧毁许多人造卫星，使得依靠这些卫星进行的通信中断，而且还会破坏许多变电站。<br/><br/><br/><br/> 编辑：py <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> 分享到 <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>查天气 关注 “中国天气网” 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