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Home Plugin Handbook Introduction to Plugin DevelopmentWhat is a Plugin?

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What is a Plugin?

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Plugins are packages of code that extend the core functionality of WordPress. WordPress plugins are made up of PHP code and can include other assets such as images, CSS, and JavaScript.

By making your own plugin you are extending WordPress, i.e. building additional functionality on top of what WordPress already offers. For example, you could write a plugin that displays links to the ten most recent posts on your site.

Or, using WordPress’ custom post types, you could write a plugin that creates a full-featured support ticketing system with email notifications, custom ticket statuses, and a client-facing portal. The possibilities are endless!

Most WordPress plugins are composed of many files, but a plugin really only needs one main file with a specifically formatted DocBlock in the header.

Hello Dolly, one of the first plugins, is only 100 lines long. Hello Dolly shows lyrics from the famous song in the WordPress admin. Some CSS is used in the PHP file to control how the lyric is styled.

As a WordPress.org plugin author, you have an amazing opportunity to create a plugin that will be installed, tinkered with, and loved by millions of WordPress users. All you need to do is turn your great idea into code. The Plugin Handbook is here to help you with that.

First published

July 30, 2014

Last updated

May 2, 2021

PreviousIntroduction to Plugin DevelopmentPrevious: Introduction to Plugin Development

NextPlugin BasicsNext: Plugin Basics

Chapters
Chapter list

Plugin Handbook

Introduction to Plugin Development
What is a Plugin?

Plugin Basics
Header Requirements

Activation / Deactivation Hooks

Best Practices

Determining Plugin and Content Directories

Including a Software License

Uninstall Methods

Plugin Security
Checking User Capabilities

Data Validation

Nonces

Securing (escaping) Output

Securing (sanitizing) Input

Hooks
Actions

Filters

Custom Hooks

Advanced Topics

Privacy
Adding the Personal Data Eraser to Your Plugin

Adding the Personal Data Exporter to Your Plugin

Privacy Related Options, Hooks and Capabilities

Suggesting text for the site privacy policy

Administration Menus
Sub-Menus

Top-Level Menus

Shortcodes
Basic Shortcodes

Enclosing Shortcodes

Shortcodes with Parameters

TinyMCE Enhanced Shortcodes

Settings
Custom Settings Page

Options API

Settings API

Using Settings API

Metadata
Managing Post Metadata

Custom Meta Boxes

Rendering Post Metadata

Custom Post Types
Registering Custom Post Types

Working with Custom Post Types

Taxonomies
Term Splitting (WordPress 4.2)

Working with Custom Taxonomies

Users
Roles and Capabilities

Working with User Metadata

Working with Users

HTTP API

REST API
REST API Overview

Routes & Endpoints

Requests

Responses

Schema

Controller Classes

JavaScript
Heartbeat API

jQuery

AJAX

Server Side PHP and Enqueuing

Summary

Cron
Scheduling WP Cron Events

Testing of WP-Cron

Understanding WP-Cron Scheduling

Hooking WP-Cron Into the System Task Scheduler

Internationalization
How to Internationalize Your Plugin

Internationalization Security

Localization

The WordPress.org Plugin Directory
Add Your Plugin to the Block Directory

Alerts and Warnings

Block Specific Plugin Guidelines

Common issues

Compliance Disclaimers

Detailed Plugin Guidelines

How Your Plugin Assets Work

Planning, Submitting, and Maintaining Plugins

Plugin Developer FAQ

Plugin Readmes

Previews and Blueprints

Release Confirmation Emails

Reporting Plugin Security Issues

Special User Roles and Capabilities

Take Over an Existing Plugin

Transferring Your Plugin to a New Owner

Using Subversion

Using the Forums

Using the WordPress.org MCP Server

Developer Tools
Debug Bar and Add-Ons

Helper Plugins

Creating Tables with Plugins

Credits

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Learn

Documentation

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