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Li Hongzhang

Updated:Aug 07,2025 16:47 PM Anhui, China 2024

Li Hongzhang (1823-1901), courtesy name Shaoquan was a native of Hefei, Anhui Province. He was a prominent official in the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and a representative figure of the Self-Strengthening Movement.
In 1870, the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Tongzhi, Li was appointed as the Viceroy of Zhili and the Minister of Beiyang Commerce, overseeing the Qing government’s foreign affairs, military, and economic affairs for twenty years.
Li Hongzhang founded a number of modern military and civilian enterprises, including the Jiangnan Arsenal, the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company, the Kaiping Coal Mine, and the Tianjin Telegraph Office. He established the Beiyang Naval Academy and built the Beiyang Fleet. In his handling of foreign relations, he signed a series of unequal treaties on behalf of the Qing government.
Li Hongzhang advocated self-strengthening and prosperity, promoted industrialization in China, and played a positive role in the spread of Western scientific civilization in China.
He was posthumously honored as Wenzhong (Refined and Loyal). His works A Complete Collection of Lord Li Wenzhong and A Complete Collection of Li Hongzhang (in 39 volumes) were published.

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