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Python Packaging User Guide




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Python Packaging User Guide




Overview of Python Packaging

The Packaging Flow

Tutorials
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Installing Packages

Managing Application Dependencies

Packaging Python Projects


Guides
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Installation
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Install packages in a virtual environment using pip and venv

Installing packages using virtualenv

Installing stand alone command line tools

Installing pip/setuptools/wheel with Linux Package Managers

Installing scientific packages


Building and Publishing
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Writing your pyproject.toml

Packaging and distributing projects

Dropping support for older Python versions

Packaging binary extensions

Packaging namespace packages

Creating and packaging command-line tools

Creating and discovering plugins

Using TestPyPI

Making a PyPI-friendly README

Publishing package distribution releases using GitHub Actions CI/CD workflows

How to modernize a setup.py based project?

Licensing examples and user scenarios


Hosting
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Package index mirrors and caches

Hosting your own simple repository


Tool recommendations

Analyzing PyPI package downloads


Discussions
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Versioning

Deploying Python applications

pip vs easy_install

install_requires vs requirements files

Distribution package vs. import package

Package Formats

src layout vs flat layout

Is setup.py deprecated?

Single-sourcing the Project Version

Supporting downstream packaging


PyPA specifications
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Package Distribution Metadata
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Names and normalization

Core metadata specifications

Version specifiers

Dependency specifiers

pyproject.toml specification

Dependency Groups

Inline script metadata

Platform compatibility tags

Well-known Project URLs in Metadata

glob patterns

License Expression


Package Installation Metadata
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Recording installed projects

Entry points specification

Recording the Direct URL Origin of installed distributions

Direct URL Data Structure

Python Virtual Environments

Externally Managed Environments


Package Distribution File Formats
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Source distribution format

Binary distribution format


Package Index Interfaces
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The .pypirc file

Simple repository API

File Yanking

Index hosted attestations

Project Status Markers


Python Description Formats
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build-details.json
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v1.0



Reproducible Environments
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pylock.toml Specification


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pip vs easy_install¶

easy_install, now deprecated, was released in 2004 as part of Setuptools. It was notable at the time for installing packages from PyPI using requirement specifiers, and automatically installing dependencies.

pip came later in 2008, as an alternative to easy_install, although still largely built on top of Setuptools components. It was notable at the time for not installing packages as Eggs or from Eggs (but rather simply as ‘flat’ packages from sdists), and introducing the idea of Requirements Files, which gave users the power to easily replicate environments.

Here’s a breakdown of the important differences between pip and the deprecated easy_install:

	pip	easy_install
Installs from Wheels	Yes	No
Uninstall Packages	Yes (python-mpipuninstall)	No
Dependency Overrides	Yes (Requirements Files)	No
List Installed Packages	Yes (python-mpiplist and python-mpipfreeze)	No
PEP 438 Support	Yes	No
Installation format	‘Flat’ packages with egg-info metadata.	Encapsulated Egg format
sys.path modification	No	Yes
Installs from Eggs	No	Yes
pylauncher support	No	Yes [1]
Multi-version installs	No	Yes
Exclude scripts during install	No	Yes
per project index	Only in virtualenv	Yes, via setup.cfg

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[1]
https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/deprecated/easy_install.html#natural-script-launcher






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