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Cloudflare D1 - Serverless SQL Database

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D1

The easiest way to add SQL to your application

D1 is built into the Cloudflare Workers Platform with out-of-the-box integration with Workers. Applications need to save data. SQLite offers a familiar, relational database with SQL querying.

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Familiar SQL at the Edge

Build applications with the power and familiarity of a relational, SQL-based database that lives on the edge, close to your users. Leverage your existing SQL knowledge to query structured data with low latency, without having to learn a new query language.

Native Worker Integration

Query your database with near-zero latency directly from your serverless functions, as D1 is built to be the stateful backend for the Cloudflare Workers ecosystem.

Scale for Vibe-Coding Platforms

Create millions of D1 databases, per account or per user, and scale out your vibe-coding platform to support everyone. Pay only when databases are used.

Built for Data-Driven Applications

Global Read Replication

Automatically create read-only copies of your database across Cloudflare's global network, allowing you to serve data from a location near your users for incredibly fast read performance.

Native Worker Integration

Query your database with near-zero latency directly from your serverless functions, as D1 is built to be the stateful backend for the Cloudflare Workers ecosystem.

Modern ORM Support

Develop faster and with full type-safety by using your favorite Object-Relational Mappers, with first-class support for popular tools like Prisma and Drizzle ORM.

Time Travel Backups

Effortlessly restore your entire database to any minute within the last 30 days, providing powerful point-in-time recovery to protect against accidental data loss or corruption.

Generated Columns

Define columns that automatically compute their values from other columns or JSON data, simplifying your application logic by offloading transformations and calculations directly to the database.

Secure and easy Worker Bindings

Securely connect your D1 databases to your code with a simple binding in your configuration, streamlining both production deployments and local development with the Wrangler CLI.

D1

Perfect for Structured Data at the Edge

You can use D1 to:
View docs

Vibe-coding platforms
Instantly provision an isolated database for each user's project on your platform, providing fast, sandboxed data storage for online IDEs, CMS platforms, or multi-tenant SaaS applications. Provide your users with a full-featured SQL database without managing complex infrastructure.

Familiar SQL at the Edge
Build applications with the power and familiarity of a relational, SQL-based database that lives on the edge, close to your users. Leverage your existing SQL knowledge to query structured data with low latency, without having to learn a new query language.

User Profile & Configuration Storage
Store user-specific application settings, profiles, and personalization data directly at the edge to deliver fast, customized experiences. Reduce read latency for frequently accessed data and improve your application's responsiveness globally.

From schema to scale

Practical examples for building and scaling SQL-backed apps on the edge.

basic.ts prisma.ts replicas.ts bash

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export default { async fetch(request, env) { // Create a table await env.DB.exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL, email TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL, created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP )`); // Insert data const { results } = await env.DB.prepare( `INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (?, ?)`, ) .bind('John Doe', 'john@example.com') .run(); // Query data const { results: users } = await env.DB.prepare( `SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = ?`, ) .bind('john@example.com') .all(); return new Response(JSON.stringify(users), { headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, }); },};

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// schema.prismagenerator client { provider = "prisma-client-js"}datasource db { provider = "sqlite" url = env("DATABASE_URL")}model User { id Int @id @default(autoincrement()) name String email String @unique createdAt DateTime @default(now()) posts Post[]}model Post { id Int @id @default(autoincrement()) title String content String authorId Int author User @relation(fields: [authorId], references: [id]) createdAt DateTime @default(now())}// worker.tsimport { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';export default { async fetch(request, env) { const prisma = new PrismaClient({ datasources: { db: { url: env.DATABASE_URL } } }); // Create a user with posts const user = await prisma.user.create({ data: { name: 'Jane Doe', email: 'jane@example.com', posts: { create: [ { title: 'Hello World', content: 'My first post!' }, { title: 'D1 is Great', content: 'I love using D1 with Prisma!' } ] } }, include: { posts: true } }); return new Response(JSON.stringify(user), { headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' } }); }};

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export default { async fetch(request, env) { const { searchParams } = new URL(request.url); const userId = searchParams.get('userId'); if (!userId) { return new Response('Missing userId parameter', { status: 400 }); } // Use read replica for better performance const dbSession = env.DB.withSession(); const { results } = await dbSession .prepare( `SELECT u.*, COUNT(p.id) as post_count FROM users u LEFT JOIN posts p ON u.id = p.authorId WHERE u.id = ? GROUP BY u.id`, ) .bind(userId) .all(); return new Response(JSON.stringify(results), { headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, }); },};

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wrangler d1 time-travel restore YOUR_DATABASE --timestamp=UNIX_TIMESTAMP🚧 Restoring database YOUR_DATABASE from bookmark 00000080-ffffffff-00004c60-390376cb1c4dd679b74a19d19f5ca5be⚠️ This will overwrite all data in database YOUR_DATABASE.In-flight queries and transactions will be cancelled.✔ OK to proceed (y/N) … yes⚡️ Time travel in progress...✅ Database YOUR_DATABASE restored back to bookmark 00000080-ffffffff-00004c60-390376cb1c4dd679b74a19d19f5ca5be↩️ To undo this operation, you can restore to the previous bookmark: 00000085-ffffffff-00004c6d-2510c8b03a2eb2c48b2422bb3b33fad5

Basic D1 Operations
Create tables, insert data, and query your D1 database from Workers.

Using D1 with Prisma ORM
Develop faster and with full type-safety using Prisma ORM with D1.

Global Read Replication
Query from read replicas using the Sessions API for better performance across the globe.

Time Travel Backups
Restore your database to any point in time within the last 30 days.

SiteGPT

"

We use Cloudflare for everything – storage, cache, queues, and most importantly for training data and deploying the app on the edge, so I can ensure the product is reliable and fast. It's also been the most affordable option, with competitors costing more for a single day's worth of requests than Cloudflare costs in a month. "

Bhanu Teja Pachipulusu Founder

D1 Pricing

Serverless SQL that scales horizontally. View Storage & Data pricing details

Component

Free

Paid

Storage

Free

5 GB (total)

Paid

$0.75 / GB-month

Rows Read

Free

5 million / day

Paid

$0.001 / million rows

Rows Written

Free

100,000 / day

Paid

$1.00 / million rows

Powerful primitives, seamlessly integrated

Built on systems powering 20% of the Internet, D1 runs on the same infrastructure Cloudflare uses to build Cloudflare. Enterprise-grade reliability, security, and performance are standard.

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Compute

Browser Run Automated browsers

Containers Any language, anywhere

Durable Objects Stateful compute

Sandboxes Secure code execution

Workers Global serverless functions

Workers for Platforms Programmable Platform Solutions

Workflows Process orchestration

Storage

Artifacts Git-native versioned storage

D1 Serverless SQL

Data Platform Ingest, Catalog & Query

Hyperdrive Global databases

Queues Message processing

R2 Egress-free storage

KV Ultra-fast key-value storage

AI

Agents Build stateful AI agents

AI Gateway AI observability

AI Search Instant retrieval

Vectorize Vector database

Workers AI Edge AI models

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SASE Cloudflare SASE platform

Access Zero trust access to private resources

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Email Security Phishing protection

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Rate Limiting Abuse prevention

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Turnstile A CAPTCHA Replacement Solution

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Magic Transit DDoS Protection for Networks

Client-Side Security Prevent browser supply chain attacks

Bot Management Block bad bots

Network & Content Delivery

CDN Faster delivery & caching

DNS Fast DNS

Load Balancing Zero downtime

TURN / SFU Real-time infra

Analytics Web Performance & Security

Build without boundaries

Join thousands of developers who've eliminated infrastructure complexity and deployed globally with Cloudflare. Start building for free — no credit card required.

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No cold starts or region complexity SASE and Zero Trust without the complexity Deploy to 330+ cities instantly Defend against the Internet's biggest DDoS attacks Predictable pricing without surprises Identity-aware Zero Trust access that retires your VPN Battle-tested infrastructure powering millions CDN, WAF, and DNS faster than the public Internet No cold starts or region complexity SASE and Zero Trust without the complexity Deploy to 330+ cities instantly Defend against the Internet's biggest DDoS attacks Predictable pricing without surprises Identity-aware Zero Trust access that retires your VPN Battle-tested infrastructure powering millions CDN, WAF, and DNS faster than the public Internet

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