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2010-04-16 15:16:05来源：  中国天气网</a><br/><br/>字号<br/>大<br/><br/>中<br/><br/>小<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> 分享到 <br/><br/><br/><br/> 原创未经授权不得转载  </a><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>1957年第一颗人造地球卫星升空，开始了人类从太空探测地球上风云变幻的新时代。在60年代初，进入太空的宇航员最先看到的是台风（飓风）形成和运行的壮观景象。<br/><br/>卫星用于监视全球风云，弥补了占地球表面积71％海洋上的观测空白区。在卫星使用以前，海洋气象人员要发现和预报台风是比较难的，往往要等到台风发展到很强的时期才能被发现，对确定台风的位置和移动速度、方向都欠准确，气象卫星的应用，无疑对台风的预报和研究工作向前推进了许多。如今卫星已成为监视台风不可缺少的工具，特别是在赤道上空布设的几颗静止卫星，通过时时刻刻监测，已能把台风的形成、发展、源地、路径、移动、天气等许多问题探测得很清楚，哪怕是一个微小的台风，甚至一片雷雨云，卫星也能完整地拍照下来，作为实况资料。 <br/><br/>人们通过卫星，能比过去提前二三天发现台风，并能准确地测定它的位置、强度，从而确定它的移向、移速和发展变化。在卫星云图上还发现一些过去难以想象的一些事实，卫星显示非洲是大西洋飓风的源地之一，从而否定大西洋飓风主要形成于大西洋洋面的判断，在卫星云图上多数大西洋飓风首先是在非洲大陆上看到的，来自非洲的云团，在大西洋里得到发展成为飓风，然后袭击加勒比海和北美，它最后的踪迹可直达北极，这为人们认识赤道、极地热交换，提供了一个有意义的事例。 <br/><br/>在卫星问世以前，海洋气象学家从众多资料中得到一个判断，太平洋东部的飓风一般很少能到达太平洋西部，这个判断经过几十年的卫星监测，也末见到太平洋东部的飓风穿越太平洋的事例，从而证实这个判断是正确无误的。 <br/><br/>卫星云图显示：西北太平洋台风发生的源地，要比原先的位置更偏东，主要发生在马里亚纳群岛、加罗林群岛和马绍尔群岛等海域，还有一部分是发生在南中国海，而南海的台风可以穿过中南半岛到达印度，甚至进入西藏高原。从卫星云图上还观测到一种有趣的现象，在赤道两侧同一经度上，同时形成两个成熟的热带风暴，南北半球各一个，隔着赤道成双成对，以赤道为界互不侵犯，这可能是赤道效应造成的。 <br/><br/>洋流在台风的生成和移动中起着相当重要的作用，这个论断也是从卫星云图中得到的。台风移动方向和海流的方向基本相似。 <br/><br/>运用卫星探测海洋上空的特殊气象现象，对提高灾害性气象预报能力起到了积极作用，对一些未知现象提供了很好的判断数据，随着这项技术广泛运用，人们掌握天气变化的主动权也越来越大。<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> 编辑：wmlin <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> 分享到 <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>查天气 关注 “中国天气网” 微信公众号、“天气管家”APP安卓版<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>最新推荐<br/><br/><br/><br/>查看更多<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>高清图集</a><br/><br/></a></a><br/><br/><br/></a><br/><br/></a><br/><br/></a><br/><br/></a><br/><br/></a><br/><br/></a><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>山西平陆：雨润荷花 如诗如画</a><br/><br/>天空的浪漫 泰山上空现“双彩虹”景观</a><br/><br/>出水芙蓉次第开 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