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Upper Air

Introduction to the Upper Air

What we experience as weather at ground level is the end result of what takes place in the atmosphere over our head. Therefore, to determine the weather forecast and impacts at the surface, we need to determine the weather patterns in the upper air first.

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Upper Air
Parcel Theory

Stability / Instability

Radiosondes

Skew-T Log-P Diagrams

Skew-T Plots

Skew-T Examples
Severe Weather

Upper Air
Parcel Theory

Stability / Instability

Radiosondes

Skew-T Log-P Diagrams

Skew-T Plots

Skew-T Examples
Severe Weather

The term "upper air" refers to the earth's atmosphere above about 5,000 feet (1,500 meters). It is from the upper air that we get our rain and drought, wind and calm, and heat and cold at the Earth's surface.

The map below is a picture of the state of the atmosphere for a particular time at a constant pressure level of 500 millibars (about 18,000 feet in altitude). The lines represent the locations of various higher and lower pressure regions in the upper atmosphere.

While upper air maps like this (and following information) can be complicated, this is the "meat and potatoes"' for meteorologists.

All weather forecasts stem from our understanding of the upper air, where weather patterns such as ridges, troughs, upper air disturbances, and upper-lows occur and are moving.

A sample 500 millibar level upper air chart. This depicts the wind speed and direction at an altitude around 18,000 feet (5,700 meters). The solid lines are lines of equal height at the 500 millibar pressure level.
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Upper Air
Parcel Theory

Stability / Instability

Radiosondes

Skew-T Log-P Diagrams

Skew-T Plots

Skew-T Examples
Severe Weather

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Last updated April 13, 2023

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